Wednesday, July 12, 2017

Child welfare and the latest “drug plague,” part three: Mother Jones comes closer to getting it right

The previous two posts to this Blog dealt – at great length – with the failings of a Washington Post story on the intersection of the “opioid epidemic” and child welfare. That story was a throwback to the “crack baby” journalism of 30 years ago.

Just a few days after the Post story, Mother Jones published its own take on opioids and child welfare – and came closer to the mark.  Yes, like the Post, it emphasizes horror stories – something I’ll get to below. But reporter Julie Lurie’s story diverges sharply from the Post, and much typical child welfare reporting, in the lessons learned from the horrors. And the entire story is infused with a sense of humanity and empathy that is missing from much of American journalism about either drug abuse or child welfare.

Tuesday, July 11, 2017

Child welfare and the latest “drug plague,” part two: How a single, unreliable source led The Washington Post astray

 Read part one here.


Yesterday’s post to this blog dealt with how the Washington Post misunderstood drug abuse in a story about opioids and foster care – and why that misunderstanding hurts children.

But there was an even greater failing in the story. The Post reporters didn’t just get addiction wrong.  Apparently new to child welfare, they got that field wrong as well. That’s because they relied on only one, unreliable source. 

ALL of these things are just like the others
No reporter doing a story on, say, the effects of raising the minimum wage or the impact of environmental regulations on business would talk only to the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. No reporter doing a story about the high cost of prescription drugs – or their safety – would talk only to PhRMA – the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association of America. No reporter doing a story on the safety of hydraulic fracking would talk only to the American Petroleum Institute (API).

But in seeking to explain the child welfare system, the Post reporters spoke only to a representative of a group that calls itself the Child Welfare League of America.

Putting “child welfare” in your name does not automatically mean you are interested in the welfare of children any more than the fact that the trade association for Payday lenders calls itself the Community Financial Services Association of America automatically means they are interested in the welfare of communities.

A more honest name for CWLA would be the Agency Welfare League of America. CWLA is, in fact, a trade association for public and private child welfare agencies.  That means they bring to the table vested interests, just like the Chamber of Commerce and PhRMA and API.

When the interests of children and the interests of its member agencies are in conflict, CWLA has a disturbing track record. That’s something the Post reporters would have known had they done the kind of digging done by the Hartford Courant in 2004. Or if they’d seen what the Dayton Daily News found even earlier in the course of exposing serious problems at a CWLA member agency.

CWLA has a profound vested interest in “solutions” that involve making its dues-paying member agencies bigger.  In the case of private agencies, their very existence may be at stake.

Monday, July 10, 2017

Child welfare and the latest “drug plague,” part one: How the Washington Post story on opioids and foster care got almost everything wrong.

First of three parts


Read part two here: You’ll never understand child welfare if your only source isa trade association for child welfare agencies.


Read part three here: An analysis of a far better story on the same topic, from MotherJones.

 
A list of all the experts on opioid abuse and the effects of opioid abuse on children quoted in the Washington Post Story.

KEY FAILINGS OF THE POST STORY

● The Post story is a throwback to the “crack baby” journalism of the 1980s.

● The story ignores the most important lesson from that era: Research showing that even children born with cocaine in their systems do better in their own homes than in foster care.

● Though there are scores of experts who can put the claims of foster parents and child welfare officials into context, experts who say that a knee-jerk rush to more foster care is the wrong answer, the Post either consulted none of them, or simply chose to quote none of them.

● The main story also includes not a single quote from a parent who lost a child to the system – instead they are portrayed in the main story – by the sources the Post reporters preferred – as sadistic brutes or hopeless addicts.

● The story ignores the few places that have bucked the trend and dealt with opioid abuse and child welfare through more and better drug treatment instead of a knee-jerk response of more foster care.

By reinforcing stereotypes, tacitly endorsing failed approaches and ignoring successful alternatives, the story is likely to hurt the very children the reporters almost certainly wanted to help.


Remember “crack babies”?  Sure you do.  Back in the 1980s, they were the infants supposedly doomed to a life of “certain suffering, of probable deviance, of permanent inferiority.”  The predictions were accompanied by graphic depictions of infants going through withdrawal, and condemnation of their mothers for “choosing” addiction over their children.

None of the dire predictions came true. By 2004, Columbia Journalism Review was, in effect, urging reporters to please knock it off. A few years later, The New York Times ran a story headlined “Crack Babies: The Epidemic That Wasn’t.” Years after that, the Times returned to that theme in a short documentary. And when W. Joseph Campbell wrote a book called “Getting It Wrong: Debunking the Greatest Myths in American Journalism” he devoted an entire chapter to “The Fantasy Panic: The News Media and the ‘Crack Baby’ Myth.”

None of that stopped journalists from making the same sorts of mistakes when a new “drug plague” – methamphetamine – became the center of attention.

But the media watchdogs keep trying.

Now that opioid abuse is the new official Worst-Drug-Plague-Ever, public radio’s On The Media is trying to put to rest myths about drug abuse with a “Breaking News Consumer’s Handbook” on the topic – part of an entire program devoted to myths about the war on drugs.

But most important, particularly in the context of child welfare, as early as 1998 pioneering research at the University of Florida confirmed that there is something much worse for infants than cocaine: foster care.

The researchers studied two groups of children born with cocaine in their systems; one group was placed in foster care, another left in their own homes with mothers deemed able to care for them.  After six months, the babies were tested using all the usual measures of infant development: rolling over, sitting up, reaching out.  Consistently, the children left with their mothers did better.  For the foster children, the separation from their mothers was more toxic than the cocaine.

It is extremely difficult to take a swing at so-called “bad mothers” without the blow landing on their children.

But on June 1, The Washington Post came out swinging.

Thursday, July 6, 2017

Great news for orphanage enthusiasts! Kim Jong Un has your back!

Kim Jong Un tours an orphanage
The New York Times has a story on its website today about how, in addition to launching missiles, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un is trying to solidify his position with infrastructure projects.

One of those projects turns out to be a great big, brand new orphanage.

That got me curious, so I did a Google search. Apparently, North Korea’s Respected Supreme Leader, as he is known there, has quite a thing for orphanages. On what is apparently North Korea’s official YouTube channel (or as it calls itself, the “#1 Channel on North Korea on YouTube”) there are at least two videos of Kim touring orphanages.  Each is narrated with the same breathless enthusiasm I thought was reserved for the missile launches:


Since I don’t speak Korean I don’t know what the narrator is actually saying. So I don’t know if she’s talking about how “homelike” the places are and how much the “house parents” love the children – just like a family, of course.  But in this English language account of another visit to an orphanage, from North Korea’s official website, Kim is quoted as doing what so many in American orphanage advocates do: He takes a gratuitous swipe at the children’s birth parents.

That’s not the only way in which North Korean orphanage propaganda is remarkably like American orphanage propaganda: There’s a heavy emphasis on how beautiful the buildings and grounds are (what American residential treatment propagandists sometimes call the “therapeutic milieu”) and all the material goods the children receive – as if that’s a substitute for love.

Sure, there’s been one expose after another about the failure of orphanages, including places once touted as models. Sure, the research on the harm of such places is overwhelming. Sure, calling them “residential treatment centers” doesn’t help – the research documenting that such places are useless also is overwhelming. And of course we wouldn’t have the so-called shortage of foster parents used to justify orphanages if we stopped taking away so many children needlessly.


But take heart, Newt Gingrich – and all the other Americans, including some self-proclaimed liberals - who think orphanages are the answer to our child welfare problems: At least you’ve got North Korea’s foremost child welfare expert, Kim Jong Un, on your side.

Tuesday, July 4, 2017

For once a happy anniversary: The story about the study that (probably) changed child welfare is ten years old

NCCPR’s full analysis of the studies discussed in this post, and links to the studies themselves, are available here

While we were celebrating the anniversary of American independence over the past few days,  we passed another anniversary that deserves attention.  The anniversary of this news story:

In its issue dated July 3-4, 2007, USA Today published a front page story by Wendy Koch headlined "Kids in troubled homes still better off than in foster care, study finds.”

The story reported on the pioneering work of MIT Prof. Joseph J. Doyle; specifically the first of his massive studies comparing the outcomes for children placed in foster care to children left in their own homes.  The study looked at precisely the cases where the child welfare debate is most important – the “in-between” cases, where a decision could go either way.

As USA Today explained the results:

Children whose families are investigated for abuse or neglect are likely to do better in life if they stay with their families than if they go into foster care, according to a pioneering study. …

Kids who stayed with their families were less likely to become juvenile delinquents or teen mothers and more likely to hold jobs as young adults, says the study by Joseph Doyle, an economics professor at MIT's Sloan School of Management who studies social policy.

"The size of the effects surprised me, because all the children come from tough families," Doyle says. The National Science Foundation funded the study.

There was, in fact, a wealth of earlier research suggesting similar results, including a study the year before using different methodology but coming to remarkably similar conclusions. But the Doyle study stood out for its size, its scope, its rigor and its clear findings.

One year later, Prof. Doyle published another study, with an even larger sample.  The results: Once again, children left in their own homes did better.

How did child welfare respond?

The take-the-child-and-run extremists have spent the past ten years pretending the studies don’t exist.  But there are many people of good will in child welfare, and some of them are willing to reconsider old assumptions in the face of new research. 

The year 2007 saw the first significant decline in entries into foster care in decades (there was a very small decline the year before). While I can’t prove that Prof. Doyle’s study contributed to that, I suspect that it played an important role. The decline continued until 2013 – I will discuss why it stopped, and the myths about why it stopped, in a post to this Blog on Monday.


So thank you Prof. Doyle, for helping to spare thousands of children from the traumas you describe in your work. And thank you Wendy Koch - the former USA Today reporter who made that study front page news.

Thursday, June 29, 2017

Students pay the price for a school district’s child abuse paranoia

 

A first grader gives her teacher a hug. The teacher kisses the little girl on the top of her head.  That used to be considered normal behavior for elementary school students and their teachers.  But not in the public schools of Prince George’s County, Md., a suburb of Washington, D.C. Instead, someone decided it might be child abuse. So the teacher was placed on leave and barred from teaching for eight weeks.

According to a very good story by Donna St. George in The Washington Post:  

The teacher said the first-grader’s father protested her removal. “The climate they’ve created is just horrendous,” she said, noting that young children expect physical contact. “Are you not going to hug a 4-year-old who is crying?”
           
It happened during the 2015-2016 school year.  This year, the Post reports, things are much worse.  Nearly 850 school district employees have been put on “administrative leave” because of some kind of allegation of child abuse – a 1,000 percent increase over two years before.  School staff are terrified, and even some members of the Board of Education worry that a “culture of fear” will drive the best teachers to seek employment elsewhere. The sheer volume of absences has disrupted the education of thousands of students.  And, of course, teachers are likely to fear showing any kind of normal affection for students.
           
The child abuse paranoia machine has struck again – and once again, it is harming children in the name of “protecting” them.

While the behavior of school district officials has been awful, at least they might be able to claim they didn’t know better. Notwithstanding their good intentions, there is no excuse for the Washington, D.C. “Children’s Advocacy Center” to encourage this kind of paranoia – but that’s what they’ve done.

It began with a real horror story


What prompted all this was the kind of thing that usually cranks up the paranoia machine – cases of child sexual abuse that were very real and very serious.  In the Prince George’s County case, they involved a school aide, Deonte Carraway. He was arrested in February, 2016. A year later he pled guilty to sexually abusing 12 children. He told children as young as age 9 how to perform sex acts, then he videotaped them.  He also coerced the children into sending him nude pictures. Police believe at least 23 children were victimized.

There had been other cases in recent years, and the school district had come under fire – and at least one lawsuit – for failing to properly detect and investigate sexual abuse by school staff.

Unfortunately, the reaction to these horrors was not to adopt prudent, sensible policies and urge people to report when they had reasonable cause to suspect abuse. No, the reaction was what we have seen so often in the past: Demands that anyone and everyone report anything and everything – and a paranoid response to those demands.

The Post reports that the response led to cases such as these.  According to the story:

● One teacher in Prince George’s County was escorted out of her school this spring after being accused of making an offensive remark in class.  … [She says] she did not make the comment and the job limbo has been tough. She gets paid, like others on leave, but waits at home — reviewing her teaching materials, reading journal articles, trying to keep her mind in the game. “I want to be teaching,” she said.
●A counselor said he was accused of failing to report a physical exchange between a student and staff member in the cafeteria. But he says he had not witnessed the incident or been at school that day. Placed on leave in January, he said he was cleared at an April hearing, but has still not been called back to work. … He said he worries about his students, some of whom he’s heard were suspended or expelled. He said he wants to be back at work.
●A retiree working as a substitute teacher said he was placed on leave last fall for tugging on a third-grader’s hoodie as he sought to keep her in line in the hallway. He has been out more than six months. “I cannot fault them for trying to help children who need protection,” he said. “But they’ve gone overboard in the other direction.”

As for the teacher who dared to kiss a child on the head, apparently she didn’t learn her lesson. She was placed on leave again this year, this time for supposedly “not following proper procedures when she reported seeing another staff member grab a student by the shirt and shove him.”

This time she was kept away from teaching for most of the school year.

And if the harm to students and teachers isn’t enough, consider the expense to taxpayers and the waste of money that could have been used to actually educate students: So far this school year, the district has spent $10 million paying staff it won’t allow to work – up from $650,000 two years ago.  They also have to pay substitutes, of course, but, district officials say, they’ve cut those costs -- by doubling up classes and getting non-teachers to fill in.

The Post notes that of the 840 reports referred to child protective services, 90 percent were so absurd that they did not even meet the minimal standards needed to start an investigation. So the one bit of good news here is this: The deluge of false and trivial reports probably did not wind up overloading child protective services workers – though we don’t know if it caused any delays or other errors at the county’s child abuse hotline.

Enablers of panic and paranoia


Is there anyone who really would encourage this kind of panic and paranoia?  Sadly, yes. They are people who, like so many in child welfare have the best of motives. But they really ought to know better. 

I discussed this in a post I wrote more than a year ago. That post was a response to this essay by the Michelle Booth Cole, director of “Safe Shores” Washington’s “Children’s Advocacy Center.”  The essay begins with the Prince George’s case and two other horror stories from around the nation.

From these horrors Cole leaps to the conclusion that you should report someone to child protective services, or the police, anytime “you just get the feeling that something’s not right.”  Cole wrote that she can’t understand why a student would ever be allowed to be alone with a teacher or how there could possibly still be places in schools “where no one can see what’s going on.”

As I wrote last year, we probably allow such things because

A) When a child needs to confide something personal to the school nurse or guidance counselor, it makes sense that the door would be closed and B) We don’t want to live in an Orwellian surveillance state with cameras poking into every corner.

But that was just the beginning. Cole even advocated the dangerous practice of distracted driving.  She wrote:

Let’s say a school employee needed to give a child a ride home, and only the two of them would be in the car. The adult and/or the child could be on a cell phone the whole time, giving a running description of the drive to the child’s parent or caregiver.

I also took issue with Cole’s approach in general:

[F]rom as early as toddlerhood, Cole is talking about raising children to be constantly wary and fearful. We’ve also trained the adults in their lives to be wary of so much as giving them a hug for fear it will be misinterpreted. All that is emotional abuse on a massive scale.

(And that, of course, was long before the Post wrote about the paranoia in Prince George’s.)

When liberals abandon our principles


Even more alarming, Cole got a lot of support from people who consider themselves liberals.

The same people who are furious when an airline passenger is hauled off a plane because someone “just got the feeling that something’s not right” when she heard the passenger speaking Arabic, have no problem applying the identical “feeling-that-something’s-not-right” standard when the issue is child abuse. The same liberals who are appalled by revelations concerning government spying on individuals see no problem with turning our schools into models of domestic surveillance.

It’s one more example of the extent to which some liberals will abandon everything they claim to believe in – and sound remarkably like Donald Trump or Kellyanne Conway -- when someone whispers the words “child abuse” in their ears.

At one point in her essay Cole writes: “Imagine what the world would look like if we did everything we could to keep kids safe?” [Emphasis added.]


Well, now we don’t have to imagine. It would look like the public schools in Prince George’s County, Md.  So it would look pretty damn ugly.

Wednesday, June 28, 2017

Tweeting out the horrors of child welfare

Want to tell a story on Twitter in more than 140 characters? You do it by replying to yourself, creating a "thread" of tweets.  This tweet is the first in such a thread. Click on it to get to the entire thread by attorney  Nnennaya Amuchie about how the criminal justice system and the child welfare system combined to traumatize a family: